Challenging 'Shoah''s paradigms of witnessing and survival: from Filip Muller to Ruth Elias

The testimony of Filip Muller, a Slovakian Jew provides one of the most memorable scenes in the film. While providing an eyewitness account of the murder of the people in the Czech family camp at Auschwitz in 1944, he recalls the moment when he saw the victims enter the gas chamber. This triggers an emotional breakdown and ultimately embodies the aesthetics of testimony that permeate the film. They relive the past - an "incarnation" of the past in the present