Rethinking segregation in the ghetto: the invisible walls and social networks in the dispersed ghetto in Budapest, 1944

Seek to understand the implications for Jews living in a dispersed ghetto. In contrast to other ghettos the one in Budapest was an 'open ghetto'. Jews were allowed to leave their buildings for only a few hours every day to conduct necessary tasks. They were forbidden to enter nondesignated apartment buildings or to use any mechanical transportation. Given the restrictions on time and movement they were effectively restrained by 'invisible walls'. By using GIS, the authors are able to map out the spatial limits of the 'open ghetto'.