N° d'objetM2013/035:039
DescriptionThis German document is from the Jewish Committee in Bregenz, dated 4 September 1945. This is a certificate stating that Laura Pocher is Jewish and under the Nazi persecution she lived under the name Janina Senczuk with Aryan papers.
This is an important addition to this collection as it is significant in a number of ways.
This document is a significant addition to this collection as it demonstrates the paper work Laura needed in order to return to her true identity after the Second World War. It is also historically significant as it demonstrates the lengths people needed to resort to in the attempt to avoid persecution under the Nazi regime.
For Jews to pass as “Aryans,” it was essential to have false identity papers, which were often gained through contacts with the anti-Nazi resistance. Using forged or acquired papers, such as a birth or baptismal certificate, Jews sometimes could obtain legitimate documents under an assumed name from the authorities. These ruses posed great risks to the bearer since the Germans and collaborating police forces closely examined identity documents in their frequent searches for Jews, resistance members, and individuals evading conscript labor.
Part of a collection of documents, including a 'P' badge, Arbeitskarte (Workers Card), letters, photographs and compensation claims donated by Roberta Freedman (daughter), that tells the story of her mother's escape from a ghetto, survival using false papers under the assumed name of Janina Senczuk, and work as a Polish forced labourer in Germany.
Laura Pocher (nee Wachs) was born in Lvov, Poland, in 1916. She lived with her parents, Mayer and Rebecca Wachs; she had two older brothers, Henri and Oscar, and two older sisters, Dorothy and Anna. Her brothers migrated to South Africa in their late teens to live with maternal relatives. Her father died in 1935.
After completing school, Laura participated in Hachshara, a Zionist agricultural training program, preparing youth to immigrate to Palestine, where she met Maurice Pocher, a dental technician. They married on 20 September 1940. On 23 March 1942 there was a raid on Jewish homes. Her mother was taken away by the Gestapo, never to be seen again, together with her sisters and their families. Laura escaped to a Polish friend's house where she was hidden for 10 days. She managed to obtain a birth certificate on the black market that belonged to a Catholic woman named Janina Senczuk. In August 1942, she again had to hide during a mass raid on Jews - in a cellar of a demolished house at night and in the daytime in the woods. On 7 September she was incarcerated with her husband in the Lvov ghetto.
On the eve of 25 November 1942, she escaped from the ghetto with money from her husband and with the help of a Polish friend of her fathers. He helped her to get a train to Krakow, and from there to Warsaw where she got a job as a seamstress with a company, Industrie Betrieb - Karol Szmidt, from the end of 1942 to May 1943. In a May 1943 street raid, she was caught and sent to do compulsory labour in Germany along with other Polish workers, working "as a kitchen maid and farm hand, from 5am to 11pm". She had to scrub floors and attend to the pigs and poultry, remaining on the farm until liberation.
Following liberation, with the help of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), she went to a DP camp in Bregenz, Austria. She struggled to reclaim her true identity, eventually having to obtain a certificate from the chief Rabbi in Austria to confirm her identity as Laura Pocher. She heard from a dentist who used to work with her husband that Maurice had died in the ghetto, most likely due to typhoid. Hoping this was not true, Laura tried to trace him through the Red Cross, but in vain.
From Bregenz, she went to Strassburg, France, and from there to Paris where she found work at a fashion house, working from September 1946 to February 1947, earning money for her trip to South Africa; to join her brothers whom she had located through the Red Cross.
She arrived in South Africa on 31 March 1947. She married a homosexual friend in June 1949, to obtain citizenship; the marriage ended in divorce in December 1950. Laura then met Morris Freedman, born 11 November 1908 to Russian parents Jacob and Henrietta Freedman, who had settled in London and had a 'schmatte' business. Morris was enlisted in the British army during the war in the Sinai, and then emigrated to South Africa. They married 27 September 1951 and had two children, Michael and Roberta. In 1960 the Freedman's began applying for positions in Australia; he arrived in 1960 and Laura and children arrived in April 1961 on the Dominion Monarch.
This is an important addition to this collection as it is significant in a number of ways.
This document is a significant addition to this collection as it demonstrates the paper work Laura needed in order to return to her true identity after the Second World War. It is also historically significant as it demonstrates the lengths people needed to resort to in the attempt to avoid persecution under the Nazi regime.
For Jews to pass as “Aryans,” it was essential to have false identity papers, which were often gained through contacts with the anti-Nazi resistance. Using forged or acquired papers, such as a birth or baptismal certificate, Jews sometimes could obtain legitimate documents under an assumed name from the authorities. These ruses posed great risks to the bearer since the Germans and collaborating police forces closely examined identity documents in their frequent searches for Jews, resistance members, and individuals evading conscript labor.
Part of a collection of documents, including a 'P' badge, Arbeitskarte (Workers Card), letters, photographs and compensation claims donated by Roberta Freedman (daughter), that tells the story of her mother's escape from a ghetto, survival using false papers under the assumed name of Janina Senczuk, and work as a Polish forced labourer in Germany.
Laura Pocher (nee Wachs) was born in Lvov, Poland, in 1916. She lived with her parents, Mayer and Rebecca Wachs; she had two older brothers, Henri and Oscar, and two older sisters, Dorothy and Anna. Her brothers migrated to South Africa in their late teens to live with maternal relatives. Her father died in 1935.
After completing school, Laura participated in Hachshara, a Zionist agricultural training program, preparing youth to immigrate to Palestine, where she met Maurice Pocher, a dental technician. They married on 20 September 1940. On 23 March 1942 there was a raid on Jewish homes. Her mother was taken away by the Gestapo, never to be seen again, together with her sisters and their families. Laura escaped to a Polish friend's house where she was hidden for 10 days. She managed to obtain a birth certificate on the black market that belonged to a Catholic woman named Janina Senczuk. In August 1942, she again had to hide during a mass raid on Jews - in a cellar of a demolished house at night and in the daytime in the woods. On 7 September she was incarcerated with her husband in the Lvov ghetto.
On the eve of 25 November 1942, she escaped from the ghetto with money from her husband and with the help of a Polish friend of her fathers. He helped her to get a train to Krakow, and from there to Warsaw where she got a job as a seamstress with a company, Industrie Betrieb - Karol Szmidt, from the end of 1942 to May 1943. In a May 1943 street raid, she was caught and sent to do compulsory labour in Germany along with other Polish workers, working "as a kitchen maid and farm hand, from 5am to 11pm". She had to scrub floors and attend to the pigs and poultry, remaining on the farm until liberation.
Following liberation, with the help of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), she went to a DP camp in Bregenz, Austria. She struggled to reclaim her true identity, eventually having to obtain a certificate from the chief Rabbi in Austria to confirm her identity as Laura Pocher. She heard from a dentist who used to work with her husband that Maurice had died in the ghetto, most likely due to typhoid. Hoping this was not true, Laura tried to trace him through the Red Cross, but in vain.
From Bregenz, she went to Strassburg, France, and from there to Paris where she found work at a fashion house, working from September 1946 to February 1947, earning money for her trip to South Africa; to join her brothers whom she had located through the Red Cross.
She arrived in South Africa on 31 March 1947. She married a homosexual friend in June 1949, to obtain citizenship; the marriage ended in divorce in December 1950. Laura then met Morris Freedman, born 11 November 1908 to Russian parents Jacob and Henrietta Freedman, who had settled in London and had a 'schmatte' business. Morris was enlisted in the British army during the war in the Sinai, and then emigrated to South Africa. They married 27 September 1951 and had two children, Michael and Roberta. In 1960 the Freedman's began applying for positions in Australia; he arrived in 1960 and Laura and children arrived in April 1961 on the Dominion Monarch.
Lieu de créationBregenz, Austria
Date 1945-09-04
Nom d'objetcertificates
Matérielpaper
Dimensions
- width: 208.00 mm
height: 145.00 mm
Langue
- German Jewish Committee of Bregenz Bregenz 4.9.1945
Certificate
With this letter we confirm that Laura Pocher born 15 September 1916 in Lvov, is Jewish and during the Nazi persecution lived under the name Janina Senczuk using Aryan papers.
[Signature]
Ligne de créditSydney Jewish Museum Collection, Donated by Mrs Roberta Freedman