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Número del objetoM2016/011:006
DescripciónPrimary School report for Judit Nemes, issued Budapest, 1942, part of a group of seven documents donated by Judith Kaldor (nee Nemes). Judith was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1935, the only daughter to Mozes Nemes and Elizabeth Nemes, nee Deutsch. Mozes was forced to separate from his family in 1941 when he was conscripted into the Hungarian army. In 1942 he was transferred to forced labour on account of his being Jewish, and sent to a forced labour camp in Russia from 1944 until 1947.
On 9 March 1944, the Germans invaded Hungary and life for Hungarian Jews “came to an end”. Judith still describes 9 March as a day of mourning. The Nuremberg laws were immediately brought into effect and by the end of June, many properties had been confiscated. Judith lived in what was called a ‘Jewish House’, a place where many families were crammed together. On page six of this Primary School report Judith has no atendance recorded. She was required to wear the yellow star and was not allowed to attend the school in the first semester 1944/45.
In October, the Arrow Cross, Hungarian Nazi sympathisers, threatened to shoot all the inhabitants. They were only saved by an air-raid alarm. Judith and her mother fled. After being in another place for three weeks they were taken to the ghetto. As they got there, Judith’s mother suggested that Judith ‘go to aunt Elizabeth’ and so Judith walked out of the ghetto. Her mother escaped by piling spare clothes under her dress to feign pregnancy, and convinced the guards she had to go to the hospital. She and Judith were reunited and they survived the war in hiding.
There had been no sign of life from Judith's father since late 1944, but in 1946 Judith’s mother learned that he was alive. The family would be reunited the following year. Judith completed her schooling, and went to university and studied to be a pharmacist. When the 1956 revolution opened the country, she and her boyfriend, Tamas (Tom) Kaldor, escaped Hungary on foot. Crossing into Austria, they were finally free. Judith and Tom married in Vienna in January 1957, and together they immigrated to Australia, arriving in August 1957.
On 9 March 1944, the Germans invaded Hungary and life for Hungarian Jews “came to an end”. Judith still describes 9 March as a day of mourning. The Nuremberg laws were immediately brought into effect and by the end of June, many properties had been confiscated. Judith lived in what was called a ‘Jewish House’, a place where many families were crammed together. On page six of this Primary School report Judith has no atendance recorded. She was required to wear the yellow star and was not allowed to attend the school in the first semester 1944/45.
In October, the Arrow Cross, Hungarian Nazi sympathisers, threatened to shoot all the inhabitants. They were only saved by an air-raid alarm. Judith and her mother fled. After being in another place for three weeks they were taken to the ghetto. As they got there, Judith’s mother suggested that Judith ‘go to aunt Elizabeth’ and so Judith walked out of the ghetto. Her mother escaped by piling spare clothes under her dress to feign pregnancy, and convinced the guards she had to go to the hospital. She and Judith were reunited and they survived the war in hiding.
There had been no sign of life from Judith's father since late 1944, but in 1946 Judith’s mother learned that he was alive. The family would be reunited the following year. Judith completed her schooling, and went to university and studied to be a pharmacist. When the 1956 revolution opened the country, she and her boyfriend, Tamas (Tom) Kaldor, escaped Hungary on foot. Crossing into Austria, they were finally free. Judith and Tom married in Vienna in January 1957, and together they immigrated to Australia, arriving in August 1957.
Fecha 1942 - 1942
TemaWWII, school work
Nombre del objetoacademic transcripts
Materialpaper
Dimensiones
- width: 121.00 mm
height: 168.00 mm
Lenguaje
- Hungarian
Línea de créditoSydney Jewish Museum Collection, Donated by Judith Kaldor