How can music be torturous?: music in Nazi concentration and extermination camps

States that music in concentration camps, for example in the form of forced singing, had a triple usage. Firstly, singing served as a disciplinary practice aimed at increasing prisoners’ productivity by keeping “a disciplined rhythm [that] seemed to shorten the distance between work sites and the camp” (11). It was also supposed to make a good impression on possible onlookers from outside the camp. Secondly, forced singing accompanied situations of physical torture and extended its impact: the prisoners were forced to sing in humiliating bodily positions or bad weather (14). Thirdly, it was used to humiliate specifically the German-Jewish prisoners by forcing them “to sing or play the violin while they were being tortured