Photograph of Miklos (Pudi), Bernat (Berri), Vilmos (Willi/Villi), Andor (Babi), Miksa and Arthur Gyulai
Object numberM2021/039:094
TitlePhotograph of Miklos (Pudi), Bernat (Berri), Vilmos (Willi/Villi), Andor (Babi), Miksa and Arthur Gyulai
DescriptionBlack and white photograph of brothers (right to left): Miklos (Pudi), Bernat (Berri), Vilmos (Willi/Villi), Andor (Babi), Miksa and Arthur Gyulai. They are all wearing black jackets, ties and white collar shirts. This photograph was taken in 1927. They were the great uncles of Judith Handley (Horvath nee Egri/ Eisler).
Miklos (b.1889), Bernat (b.1878), Vilmos (b.1880), Andor (b.1894), Miksa (b.1887), and Arthur (b.1885) were born in Paks, Hungary to Ignac and Johanna Guttman (nee Rosenfeld). They surname "Guttman" was later changed to "Gyulai" after World War II.
According to Judith, prior to the war, Bernat was a stone-cutter and Vilmos worked as an accountant. In 1944, Miklos was reunited with Judith and her mother Elizabeth Egri/ Eisler (nee Breier) at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He was liberated on 13 April 1945.
During WWII, Vilmos was drafted into a Hungarian forced labour battalion and was eventually interned at Sopronbanfalva labour camp. According to Judith, prior to boarding the train to the labour camp, he stated, "I am going where all the other Jews have been taken, if they will survive, so will I and if they are going to die, what should I live for?". Vilmos was murdered in Sopronbanfalva labour camp, dying from exhaustion on 22 February 1945.
According to Judith, "When he died, his fellow forced labourers honoured him by opening up a new line of communal graves and they buried him as the first and there was a tree there and they engraved his name on the tree. After the war the family heard about it and my living uncles has the body exhumed and brought to Budapest for a proper funeral and his remains are now buried in the same grave as his parents."
Bernat, Andor, Miksa and Arthur survived the Holocaust.
Part of a collection of correspondence, immigration documents and identification papers relating to the family of donor, Anna (Annamaria/Panka) Marks (nee Horvath/Handley). This collection also includes a memoir written by Anna's mother, Judith (Judit) Handley (Horvath nee Egri/ Eisler), recounting her life and experience of the Holocaust.
Judith was born in Budapest on 18 March 1928 to Hugo (Hugi) and Elizabeth (Erzsebet/ Hugone) Egri (Eisler nee Breier). Judith lived with her extended family recalling; "I cannot remember any sadness until 1944."
In her 1990 memoir, Judith wrote that "life started to get rotten in Hungary" following the occupation of Hungary by Nazi German forces in 1944:
"The anti-Semitism was open and rampant. I could not go to school to take my exams, because Jewish people were not permitted to walk on the streets other than between 2.00 pm and 4.00 pm and school started in the morning. Every Jewish person had to wear a yellow star on their clothing; my precious bicycle was taken away."
Soon after occupation, the family's printing business was forced to close and they were relocated to a "yellow-star" house in Budapest, where they were taken in by family friends Olah and Edith Lajos. On 14 October 1944, Judith and Elizabeth were drafted into the labour service (Munkaszolgalat). Judith describes how they; "were forced to build barricades to deter tanks from entering the city." Hugo was also drafted into forced labour at a brick factory. He would later escape and the family was briefly reunited.
Soon after their reunion, Judith and Elizabeth were taken to the Budapest railway station. She recalled; "70 women were shoved brutally inside. We sat on the floor. Someone had a big dish that we used as a toilet. Later that night we were told that we were to be sent to a camp in Germany called Bergen-Belsen." According to Judith, the transport arrived in Bergen-Belsen on 14 December 1944 where they were held in the Sonderlager or "special camp". She recalled that at the camp "We had very little to eat, in the morning two slices of bread, lukewarm coffee made from dark water, and in the evening some sort of very watery soup with chunks of vegetables in it for the rest of our meals..."
Judith remembered a small moment of triumph after she confronted a German soldier about the treatment of children in the camp; "...I asked him if he had a family, he did, he had a little son too, just like the one I was holding... I threw the boy into his arms and said how would he feel if his own son was going through all this." The soldier later ordered "that from now on only the adults had to go outside, the children were not permitted to leave the barrack area...others thought I was quite heroic."
In April 1945, Judith and Elizabeth were forced onto a train destined for Theresienstadt, however the journey was cut short at Farsleben. She recalled that an American soldier drove by shouting "You are free now, the whole army is behind me." After their liberation on 13 April 1945, Judith and Elizabeth were taken to Hillersleben where they were rehabilitated by the US Army. Following their period of recuperation, Judith and Elizabeth returned to Budapest where they were reunited with her father Hugo and her grandparents. They also learnt that many of her relatives had been murdered at Auschwitz.
Elizabeth's father Jozef Breier re-opened his printing shop and whilst in the process of recruiting a business partner, he met Gabor Horvath. Gabor was born in Sumeg, Hungary on 26 January 1921 to Imre and Elizabeth (Erzsebet) Horvath (nee Wirth). During the war, Gabor was captured at Alsoregmec and drafted into forced labour. According to Judith, Gabor became a prisoner of war in Russia in 1945 and when he returned to Hungary; "He weighed 49 kilos and was very sick. Also weak and sad because his parents, grandparents and other relatives were gassed in Auschwitz." Gabor was introduced to Judith and they married on 22 January 1947. Their daughter Annamaria (Anna/Panka) Horvath was born on 8 April 1948.
Following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution the family printing business was "nationalised" and the Egri and Horvath families made the decision to leave Hungary and Communism behind. With the assistance of a people smuggler, the family illegally crossed the Austrian border on 27 November 1956, travelling on to Italy where they boarded the ship Flamina, that departed from Genoa in 1957 under the Hungarian Refugee Assistance Scheme.The family arrived in Sydney on 8 March 1957. Judith and Gabor were aided by the Jewish Welfare Society who assisted them to find accommodation and employment. The family after changing their surname to Handley went on to establish a printing business in Sydney in 1961.
Anna married Stephen P. Marks, born London, 1939, and their daughter, Lucille, was born in 1978.
Miklos (b.1889), Bernat (b.1878), Vilmos (b.1880), Andor (b.1894), Miksa (b.1887), and Arthur (b.1885) were born in Paks, Hungary to Ignac and Johanna Guttman (nee Rosenfeld). They surname "Guttman" was later changed to "Gyulai" after World War II.
According to Judith, prior to the war, Bernat was a stone-cutter and Vilmos worked as an accountant. In 1944, Miklos was reunited with Judith and her mother Elizabeth Egri/ Eisler (nee Breier) at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He was liberated on 13 April 1945.
During WWII, Vilmos was drafted into a Hungarian forced labour battalion and was eventually interned at Sopronbanfalva labour camp. According to Judith, prior to boarding the train to the labour camp, he stated, "I am going where all the other Jews have been taken, if they will survive, so will I and if they are going to die, what should I live for?". Vilmos was murdered in Sopronbanfalva labour camp, dying from exhaustion on 22 February 1945.
According to Judith, "When he died, his fellow forced labourers honoured him by opening up a new line of communal graves and they buried him as the first and there was a tree there and they engraved his name on the tree. After the war the family heard about it and my living uncles has the body exhumed and brought to Budapest for a proper funeral and his remains are now buried in the same grave as his parents."
Bernat, Andor, Miksa and Arthur survived the Holocaust.
Part of a collection of correspondence, immigration documents and identification papers relating to the family of donor, Anna (Annamaria/Panka) Marks (nee Horvath/Handley). This collection also includes a memoir written by Anna's mother, Judith (Judit) Handley (Horvath nee Egri/ Eisler), recounting her life and experience of the Holocaust.
Judith was born in Budapest on 18 March 1928 to Hugo (Hugi) and Elizabeth (Erzsebet/ Hugone) Egri (Eisler nee Breier). Judith lived with her extended family recalling; "I cannot remember any sadness until 1944."
In her 1990 memoir, Judith wrote that "life started to get rotten in Hungary" following the occupation of Hungary by Nazi German forces in 1944:
"The anti-Semitism was open and rampant. I could not go to school to take my exams, because Jewish people were not permitted to walk on the streets other than between 2.00 pm and 4.00 pm and school started in the morning. Every Jewish person had to wear a yellow star on their clothing; my precious bicycle was taken away."
Soon after occupation, the family's printing business was forced to close and they were relocated to a "yellow-star" house in Budapest, where they were taken in by family friends Olah and Edith Lajos. On 14 October 1944, Judith and Elizabeth were drafted into the labour service (Munkaszolgalat). Judith describes how they; "were forced to build barricades to deter tanks from entering the city." Hugo was also drafted into forced labour at a brick factory. He would later escape and the family was briefly reunited.
Soon after their reunion, Judith and Elizabeth were taken to the Budapest railway station. She recalled; "70 women were shoved brutally inside. We sat on the floor. Someone had a big dish that we used as a toilet. Later that night we were told that we were to be sent to a camp in Germany called Bergen-Belsen." According to Judith, the transport arrived in Bergen-Belsen on 14 December 1944 where they were held in the Sonderlager or "special camp". She recalled that at the camp "We had very little to eat, in the morning two slices of bread, lukewarm coffee made from dark water, and in the evening some sort of very watery soup with chunks of vegetables in it for the rest of our meals..."
Judith remembered a small moment of triumph after she confronted a German soldier about the treatment of children in the camp; "...I asked him if he had a family, he did, he had a little son too, just like the one I was holding... I threw the boy into his arms and said how would he feel if his own son was going through all this." The soldier later ordered "that from now on only the adults had to go outside, the children were not permitted to leave the barrack area...others thought I was quite heroic."
In April 1945, Judith and Elizabeth were forced onto a train destined for Theresienstadt, however the journey was cut short at Farsleben. She recalled that an American soldier drove by shouting "You are free now, the whole army is behind me." After their liberation on 13 April 1945, Judith and Elizabeth were taken to Hillersleben where they were rehabilitated by the US Army. Following their period of recuperation, Judith and Elizabeth returned to Budapest where they were reunited with her father Hugo and her grandparents. They also learnt that many of her relatives had been murdered at Auschwitz.
Elizabeth's father Jozef Breier re-opened his printing shop and whilst in the process of recruiting a business partner, he met Gabor Horvath. Gabor was born in Sumeg, Hungary on 26 January 1921 to Imre and Elizabeth (Erzsebet) Horvath (nee Wirth). During the war, Gabor was captured at Alsoregmec and drafted into forced labour. According to Judith, Gabor became a prisoner of war in Russia in 1945 and when he returned to Hungary; "He weighed 49 kilos and was very sick. Also weak and sad because his parents, grandparents and other relatives were gassed in Auschwitz." Gabor was introduced to Judith and they married on 22 January 1947. Their daughter Annamaria (Anna/Panka) Horvath was born on 8 April 1948.
Following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution the family printing business was "nationalised" and the Egri and Horvath families made the decision to leave Hungary and Communism behind. With the assistance of a people smuggler, the family illegally crossed the Austrian border on 27 November 1956, travelling on to Italy where they boarded the ship Flamina, that departed from Genoa in 1957 under the Hungarian Refugee Assistance Scheme.The family arrived in Sydney on 8 March 1957. Judith and Gabor were aided by the Jewish Welfare Society who assisted them to find accommodation and employment. The family after changing their surname to Handley went on to establish a printing business in Sydney in 1961.
Anna married Stephen P. Marks, born London, 1939, and their daughter, Lucille, was born in 1978.
Production placeunknown
Production date 1927
Subjectfamilies, uncles, survivors, victims, pre-World War II, world that was
Object namephotographs
Materialpaper
Techniquephotography, handwritten
Dimensions
- height: 154.00 mm
width: 218.00 mm
Language
- Hungarian
Credit lineSydney Jewish Museum Collection, Donated by Anna Marks
In appreciation to the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) for supporting this archival project.