Apartheid and the 'Herrenvolk' idea

Apartheid was a cruel system, doomed from its very inception to prove unworkable. It certainly was authoritarian, but it was never totalitarian which is the obliteration of the distinction between state and society. The state's grip on civil society did not throttle it completely and pockets of relative openness remained. A critical press and some universities continued to exist in spite of censorship and limitations on academic freedom