Collection of immigration documents pertaining to Tamas and Judit Kaldor (nee Nemes)
Object numberM2020/013:081
TitleCollection of immigration documents pertaining to Tamas and Judit Kaldor (nee Nemes)
DescriptionCollection of immigration documents and ephemera relating to Tamas and Judit Kaldor (nee Nemes), who emigrated from Budapest to Australia via Vienna in 1957. The documents include:
a) Correspondence from the United HIAS Service Austria, 28 December 1956
b) Austrian legitimation card for Judit Kaldor
c) Austrian legitimation card for Tamas Kaldor
d) student card for Judit Kadlor from the World University Service, Vienna, 18 April 1957
e) Correspondence from the Australian Migration Mission, 13 May 1957
f) Temporary emigration identification paper issued in Salzburg for asylum seekers for Judit Kaldor
g) Guarantee of accommodation for Thomas Kaldor and family from his relative in Australia, John Kaldor
h) Passage tickets belonging to Judit and Tamas Kaldor for the ocean liner the Flaminia
i) Two crossing the equator certificates belonging to Judith and Tamas Kaldor, 12 August 1957
j) Department of Immigration card certifying that Judit Kaldor attended English classes during her voyage to Australia
Part of a collection of correspondence, documents and photographs relating to Judit Kaldor (nee Nemes) and her parents Mozes and Elizabeth Nemes that testify to their holocaust and post-war experiences.
The collection was donated by Judith Kaldor (nee Nemes). Judith was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1935. Her father was forced to separate from his family in 1941 when he was conscripted into the Hungarian army. In 1942 he was transferred to forced labour on account of his being Jewish and then sent to a forced labour camp in the Soviet Union from 1944.
On 9 March 1944, the Germans invaded Hungary and life for Hungarian Jews “came to an end”. Judith still describes 9 March as a day of mourning. The Nuremberg laws were immediately brought into effect and by the end of June, many properties had been confiscated. Judith lived in what was called a ‘Jewish House’, a place where many families were crammed together. In October, the Arrow Cross, Hungarian Nazi sympathisers, threatened to shoot all the inhabitants. They were only saved by an air-raid alarm.
Judith and her mother fled. After being in another place for three weeks they were taken to the ghetto. As they got there, Judith’s mother suggested that Judith ‘go to aunt Elizabeth’ and so Judith walked out of the ghetto. Her mother escaped by piling spare clothes under her dress to feign pregnancy and convinced the guards she had to go to the hospital. She and Judith were reunited and they survived the war in hiding.
There had been no sign of life from Judith's father since late 1944, but in 1946 Judith’s mother learned that he was alive. Mozes was finally reunited with his family in August 1947. Judith completed her schooling, went to university and studied to be a pharmacist. When the 1956 revolution opened the country, she and her boyfriend, Tamas (Tom) Kaldor, escaped Hungary on foot. Crossing into Austria, they were finally free. Judith and Tom married in Vienna in January 1957, and together they immigrated to Australia, arriving in August 1957.
a) Correspondence from the United HIAS Service Austria, 28 December 1956
b) Austrian legitimation card for Judit Kaldor
c) Austrian legitimation card for Tamas Kaldor
d) student card for Judit Kadlor from the World University Service, Vienna, 18 April 1957
e) Correspondence from the Australian Migration Mission, 13 May 1957
f) Temporary emigration identification paper issued in Salzburg for asylum seekers for Judit Kaldor
g) Guarantee of accommodation for Thomas Kaldor and family from his relative in Australia, John Kaldor
h) Passage tickets belonging to Judit and Tamas Kaldor for the ocean liner the Flaminia
i) Two crossing the equator certificates belonging to Judith and Tamas Kaldor, 12 August 1957
j) Department of Immigration card certifying that Judit Kaldor attended English classes during her voyage to Australia
Part of a collection of correspondence, documents and photographs relating to Judit Kaldor (nee Nemes) and her parents Mozes and Elizabeth Nemes that testify to their holocaust and post-war experiences.
The collection was donated by Judith Kaldor (nee Nemes). Judith was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1935. Her father was forced to separate from his family in 1941 when he was conscripted into the Hungarian army. In 1942 he was transferred to forced labour on account of his being Jewish and then sent to a forced labour camp in the Soviet Union from 1944.
On 9 March 1944, the Germans invaded Hungary and life for Hungarian Jews “came to an end”. Judith still describes 9 March as a day of mourning. The Nuremberg laws were immediately brought into effect and by the end of June, many properties had been confiscated. Judith lived in what was called a ‘Jewish House’, a place where many families were crammed together. In October, the Arrow Cross, Hungarian Nazi sympathisers, threatened to shoot all the inhabitants. They were only saved by an air-raid alarm.
Judith and her mother fled. After being in another place for three weeks they were taken to the ghetto. As they got there, Judith’s mother suggested that Judith ‘go to aunt Elizabeth’ and so Judith walked out of the ghetto. Her mother escaped by piling spare clothes under her dress to feign pregnancy and convinced the guards she had to go to the hospital. She and Judith were reunited and they survived the war in hiding.
There had been no sign of life from Judith's father since late 1944, but in 1946 Judith’s mother learned that he was alive. Mozes was finally reunited with his family in August 1947. Judith completed her schooling, went to university and studied to be a pharmacist. When the 1956 revolution opened the country, she and her boyfriend, Tamas (Tom) Kaldor, escaped Hungary on foot. Crossing into Austria, they were finally free. Judith and Tom married in Vienna in January 1957, and together they immigrated to Australia, arriving in August 1957.
Production placeVienna, Austria, Australia
Production date 1905-05-09 - 1905-05-10
Object nameimmigration documents
Materialpaper
Dimensions
Credit lineSydney Jewish Museum Collection, Donated by Judith Kaldor