Provides a deep reading of Jewish Communist writing in wartime France from a new, post-Cold War perspective and grapples with problems of Jewish ethnic and political identity in the Communist resistance, arguing that within the intellectual straightjackets imposed by Communist orthodoxy, Jewish Communists like Joe Nordmann struggled to find the space to understand and narrate the unique place of the Jews in the thinking of the German and Vichy French authorities. Thus can the underground, more so than in past years, be defined as a conscious-yet-difficult Jewish, as well as leftist, narrative.