The total population of the Ukraine's territory on the eve of the war is estimated at 41.2 million. There were significant populations of Russians, Poles, Jews and other nationalities - about 2.5 million Jews. Under 1 million were evacuated east when the Germans attacked, and about 1.5 million were murdered, most of them shot and buried in ravines and mass graves. Of importance is an account of how the non-Jewish population related to the Jews during the catastrophe