This article outlines the two phases of Italian Jewish resistance beginning with Mussolini's ascension to power in 1922 until his downfall in 1943 and armed resistance from 1943-45. Jewish resistance from 1922-43 took the form of political resistance to Fascism. Armed resistance similarly to political resistance did not include a collective Jewish body but was carried out by individuals and most were inspired to act as much by patriotism as self-defence as Jews.