In Germany the war (1914-18) had brought defeat and a bitter sense of national humiliation. One of the most crucial elements leading to the rise of Nazism and the eventual Holocaust was how many in Germany chose to remember the war. 'Rage' sharply honed by defeat, found expression in a quality that many saw as annulling military defeat: hardness. Nazism is considered to be the most significant legacty of the Great War.