Discusses a group of more than sixteen hundred German-Jewish survivors from Breslau to post-war Polish Wrocław. For the German-Jewish survivors from Breslau, who had survived the National Socialist regime in hiding places, concentration or forced labour camps, May 1945 brought their long-awaited liberation. But the fact is that for this group of survivors, the following months were full of new traumatic experiences. They were treated by both the Soviet military and the Polish administration in the same way as the German citizens of the Third Reich. Parallel to the ongoing resettlement of German inhabitants from Breslau/Wrocław in the years 1945 to1948, German Jews suffered persecution, expropriation, and expulsion for the second time. On the basis of numerous witness testimonies and archival documents, the author reconstruct those events in the first post-war years in Wrocław and Lower Silesia but also to answer questions pertaining to social framework, concepts of identity and strategies of self-assertion, and, finally, to the rift between western and eastern European Jewry.