Research shows how the objective of modernising Lithuanian society encouraged opposition to Jews, and indicates which factors promoted this stance, by contrast with those that subdued anti-Jewish sentiments. The author's findings are based on this historiography; however, his analysis of primary sources aims particularly to present the main elements of Lithuanian antisemitism and to show the significance of different aspects of it in the ideologies of the main Lithuanian political movements, as well as to reveal the dynamics of Lithuanian antisemitism. Antisemitism is analysed in close relation to Lithuanian nationalism.