Public memory of the Holocaust has been growing in importance in Eastern Europe since 1991. At the same time, new pressures have emerged to subordinate the Holocaust to nationalist narratives. This chapter focuses on official Soviet discourse in and about the city of Lviv in western Ukraine. The most effective contribution to this growing literature is Jan Gross's "Neighbors", and the debate and research in and beyond Poland that it sparked. Excising the Jews from the Holocaust was a major Soviet story but not the only one