Emanuel Ringelbaum was born in 1900 in Buczacz, a small town in Eastern Poland. In 1944 he was murdered in the ruins of the Warsaw ghetto. Just before the war and until the fall of 1941, he concentrated on relief work for Jewish refugees, on civil defense activities in Warsaw, on reducing hunger, on improving the health and living conditions of Jewish refugees, and made efforts to promote education and cultural pursuits in the Warsaw ghetto