The two key factors which facilitate the doing of good and evil are, respectively, a hierarchy which does, or tolerates, the doing of good or evil; and patterns of childhood discipline. The lessons to be drawn from this are: (1) social authorities must be taught to stigmatise the doing of evil but also to actively promote the doing of good; (2) social authorities such as the family and school must be taught to administer childhood discipline in a manner which is measured, reasoned, and encourages the challenging of authority.