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Those who stayed: Polish Jews who remained in the Soviet Union after the Second World War

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After the war ended, most Polish Jews who had survived in the USSR returned to Poland under the Soviet–Polish agreement on the repatriation of former Polish citizens from the USSR. Within a few years many had departed for Palestine, the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries. Their diverse survival paths during the war and later postwar emigration and dispersal have been thoroughly explored in recent historiography.This article is the first to explore the wartime and postwar experiences of some of the Polish Jews who continued to reside in one of the Soviet republics. Qualitative analyses of thirty-three USC Shoah Foundation testimonies recorded with Jewish Holocaust survivors in the mid-1990s and early 2000s provide insights into the various reasons, circumstances, and contingencies that caused them to stay.

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