An important new document on the Romanian policy of ethnic cleansing during World War II.

A newly discovered plan approved by Romanian dictator Antonescu in December 1942, anticipated massive population transfers on Romanian territory. This article reconstructs its context to show how it and other recently discovered plans related to the Antonescu regime's calculations on the outcomes of World War II and priorities for postwar arrangements. Argues that the existence of such population transfer proposals necessitates a substantive reinterpretation of the sources and dynamics of the Holocaust in Romania