Dutch bystander as non-Jew and implicated subject

The authors reconstruct the emergence of the bystander as non-Jew, both in Dutch Holocaust history and historiography. Studying the historical roots and growing relevance of the divide between Jews and non-Jews in the Netherlands, they argue that the 'bystander' in its embryonic form emerged long before the Nazi occupation and remained crucial in shaping the fate of the few surviving Dutch Jews well into the postwar years.