problem of Jewish national symbols in Vilnius

Discusses four places that acquired the status of Jewish national symbols in pre-war Vilna: two are from traditional Jewish religious culture, and two are from modern Jewish life. They are: the synagogue courtyard, including the Great Synagogue; the old Jewish cemetry; the YIVO Institute; and the building of the Jewish community. The history of these institutions is briefly sketched, then their transformation from functional institutions into national symbols is discussed and finally the problem of their commemoration today is considered.