Between "just punishment" and "unthinkable Fascist crimes": Reactions to Kristallnacht in Civil War Spain

This article examines the Spanish reactions to Kristallnacht during the country's civil war. Spain looked to what was taking place in Germany as a lens through which to view the place of Jewish people in Europe and the potential horror of a Fascist government. The Catholic Church played a significant role in the unfavourable depiction of Jews in the Nationalist press. The Republican Press, on the other hand, was outraged by the events in November and called for Spaniards to understand that any Fascist government might be capable of similar travesties.